Why is Style so Important For Subcultural Identities - Free Essay Example

What do we mean by the term subculture? Paul Hodkinson gives us a really broad definition in his book: ‘Goth : Identity, Style and Subculture’ as he says: â€Å"Acquisition of status within the subculture entailed being labelled and, hence, excluded from the rest of society, something the group would respond to through its own hostility to outsiders, to the extent that non-conformity with dominant norms often became virtuous. As the subculture became more substantive, distinctive and independent, members would become increasingly dependent on each other for social contact and validation of their beliefs and way of life.† (Hodkinson, Paul. Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002. ProQuest Ebook Central). For decades there have been a lot of theories and a lot of opinions on what is right and what is wrong. As he states in his book there are several schools that stand out the most in terms of subculture. One of them, in fact, is the Birmingham School. Mostly know from a neo-Marxist perspective, it’s mostly looked at from the position of the working-class young generation, in relation to the social culture of the 1960s and 1970s in Britain. It is built on the resistance of young people having the traditional values and believes of their parents and creating the modern hegemonic culture of consumption that is dominated by the media and trends. Knowingly forming these subcultures that are characterized by parlance and ritual, although the youth maintained their aspects of the working-class culture, that didn’t stop them from embracing the decadent consumption and insistence on taste and style reflecting their position within capitalist society. Although their consumption, unlike the general public’s, by the youths subcultural context it’s deemed for them to be characterized by everyday objects and new subversive meanings. Looking at the approach of The Birmingham School, there is a lot of neglect of counte nances such as diversity, external overlay, individuality between subcultures and identified instability of the groups. As well looking at the schools neo-Marxist view as an instinctive response to the structural contradictions, more importantly, underestimating the positivity of media and business in the development of such groupings. As it’s well known one of the most significant things that the subculture has is their authentic style and most clothing and music. The birth of goth was around the first half of the 1980s, specifically in Britain there were a lot of sounds and images based on the post-punk climate that it became a definite movement. As its known there are a lot of various factors that were involved insignificance of goth but music has always been the base of the subculture. One of the significant bands at the time has been Siouxsie and the Banshees as it took a bit of the theme of punk the genre provided general mood and sounds that would be drawn of for the following decades. The vocalist of the band had a really big part of the initial style of the goth’s in that time p eriod. The outrageous at the time Nazi imagery that was advertised seemed politically provocative, with the ‘dark’ distinguishing image that she was pursuing with her black backcombed hair and really heavy dark eye make-up, the lips as well. That particular look would be imitated by females and male goths for the following two decades. However, the most important point of goth, was probably the band Bauhaus with their single ‘Bela Lugosi’s Dead ’ particularly the performance of the song, and a lot of their set, had most of the distinctive elements that until this day they exist in the still the goth scene, from the funereal musical tone to the lyrical references for death, from the deep vocals to a twisted form of androgyny in the band’s appearances. Associating themselves with not only the band but other particular listeners of the same type of music. The start of a subculture and resistance against the capitalistic society and its rules. Knowing the importance of clothing and asserorizing in the goth world: ‘The selection, purchase and consumption of particular kinds of subcultural goods, most notably recorded music, clothing and accessories, was a key element in participants’ ex perience of the goth scene. To a significant extent, it was through ownership and use of consumer goods that goths claimed their subcultural capital, differentiating themselves subtly from one another and more overtly from groupings and individuals outside the subculture. Collections of commodities provided the material manifestation of the subculture ’ s distinctive range of tastes. The process through which individuals developed their subcultural ‘ look ’ and enhanced their knowledge and appreciation of music revolved around selecting, purchasing, combining and using particular kinds of object, as did the consistency and distinctiveness of the goth style as a whole. Furthermore, as well as being crucial as a means to an end, the act of shopping was often an important subcultural activity in itself (see McRobbie 1989: 24; Shields 1992a: 5).’(Hodkinson, Paul. Goth : Identity, Style and Subculture, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2002. ProQuest Ebook Central).

Supply Chain Management of Pepsi - 10053 Words

Dissertation Report On â€Å"A Brief study on Effectiveness of Channel of Distribution of Pepsi Products in Patna† At Lumbini Beverages Pvt. Ltd. Hajipur Under Guidance Mr. Manish Sahay [Market Developing Officer PEPSI, Patna (Bihar)] In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the award of POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT Submitted To Submitted By Mr. Rahul Saxena Kunal (Class Coordinator) PGDM – III (B) Roll: - 11 Academy Of Management Studies, Dehradun DECLARATION I, Kunal declaring that all the information given in this project report is true and correct as far as I know. I am also declaring that all the work in this project is done by me†¦show more content†¦I am also equally thankful to Mr. Anish Kumar (Sales Co-coordinator, Bihar) who taught me every minute aspect of marketing. A special appreciative â€Å"Thank you† in accorded to all staff of â€Å"Lumbini Beverages Pvt. Ltd.†, Hajipur and MDC, Patna for their positive support. I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents and member of my family, who has always supported me morally as well as economically. At last but not least gratitude goes to all of my friends who directly or indirectly helped me to complete this project report. (Kunal) CONTENTS âž ¢ Preface âž ¢ Acknowledgement Title Chapter 1. Introduction to the Study âž ¢ Objective of the Study âž ¢ Importance and relevance of the Study âž ¢ Scope of the Study âž ¢ Methodology used in the study âž ¢ Limitation of the study Chapter 2. Introduction of the Soft Drinks in India âž ¢ History of Soft Drinks in India âž ¢ History of Pepsi âž ¢ Production Process âž ¢ Product Manufactured and Main Consumer Chapter 3. Organizational Structure âž ¢ History and Organizational Structure of Lumbini Beverages Pvt. Ltd. Hajipur Chapter 4. A Theoretical frame work of Channel of distribution Chapter 5. 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The Agencys Compensation For Employees - 1783 Words

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Chapter XI Of Prognostification Essay Example For Students

Chapter XI: Of Prognostification Essay S touching Oracles it is very certaine, that long before the comming of our Saviour Iesus Christ, they had begun to lose their credit: for we see that Cicero laboureth to finde the cause of their declination: and these be his words: Cur isto modo jam oracula Delphis non eduntur, non modo nostra ÃÆ'Â ¦tate, sed jamdiu, ut nihil possit esse contemptius? Why in like sort are not oracles now uttered, not onely in our t imes, but a good while since, so as now nothing can be more contemptible? But as for other Prognostikes, that were drawne from the anatomie of beasts in sacrifice, to which Plato doth in some sort ascribe the naturall constitution of the intermall members of them, of the scraping of chickens, of the flight of birds, Aves quasdam rerum augurandarum causa natas esse putamus: We are of opinion, certain birds were even bred to prognosticate some things; of thunders, of turnings and backe-recourse of rivers. Multa cernunt aruspices: multa augures provident: multa oraculis declarantur: multa vaticinationibus: multa somniis: multa portentis: Soothsayers see much: bird-prophets foresee as much: much is foretold by Oracles; much by prophecies; much by portentuous signes, and others, upon which antiquitie grounded most of their enterprises, as well publike as private: our religion hath abolished them. And albeit there remaine yet amongst us some meanes of divination in the starres, in spirits; in shapes of the body in dreames, and elsewhere a notable example of the mad and fond curiositie of our nature, ammusing it selfe to preoccupate future things, as if it had not enough to doe to digest the present. -cur hanc titi, rector Olympi Sollicitis mortalibus addere curam, Noscant venturas ut dira per omnia cla des Bit subitum quodcunque paras, sit cÃÆ'Â ¦ca futuri Mens hominum fati, liceat sperare timenti. Why pleasd it thee, thou ruler of the spheares, To adde this care to mortals care-clogd minde; That they their miserie know, ere it appeares? Let thy drifts sudden come; let men be blinde Twards future fate: oh let him hope that feares. Ne utile quidem est scire quid futurum sit: Miserum est enim, nihil profidentem angi: It is not so much as profitable for us to know what is to come, for it is a miserable thing, a man should fret and be vexed, and do no good. Yet is it of much lesse authoritie, loe here, wherefore the example of Francis Marquis of Salum hath seemed remarkable unto me: who being Lieutenant General unto Francis our King, and over all his forces, which he then had beyond the Mountaines in Italie, a man highly favoured in al our court, and otherwise infinitly beholding to the King for that very, Mar quisate, which his brother had forfeited: and having no occasion to doe it, yea and his minde and affections contradicting the same, buffered himselfe to be frighted and deluded as it hath since been manifestly prooved by the fond Prognostications which then throughout all Europe were given out to the advantage of the Emperor Charles the fift and to our prejudice in Italy, where these foolish predictions so much possesed the Italians, that in Rome there were laid great wagers, and much money give n out upon the exchange, that we should utterly be overthrowne that after he had much condoled, yea and complained with his secret friends, the unavoidable miseries which he foresaw prepared by the fates against the Crowne of France, and the many friends he had there, he unkindly revolted, and became a turne-cote on the Emperors side, to his intolerable losse and destraction, notwithstanding all the constellations then reigning. But be was drawne unto it as a man encompassed and beset by divers passions; for having both strong castl es, and all maner of munition and strength in his owne hands, the enemies armie under Antonio Leva about three paces from him, and we nothing mistrusting him, it was in his power to do worse than he did. .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 , .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .postImageUrl , .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 , .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3:hover , .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3:visited , .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3:active { border:0!important; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3:active , .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3 .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6bd89371168bfd47e121beadfc0a7cf3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Taiwan And International Trade EssayFor notwithstanding his treason, we lost neither man nor towne, except Fossan, which long after was by us stoutly contested and defended. Prudens futuri temporis exitum Caliginosa nocte premit Deus, Ridetque, si mortalis ultra Fas trepidat. Our wise God hides in pitch-darke night Of future time th event decreed, And laughes at man, if man affright Feare more than he to feare hath need. Ille potens sui LÃÆ'Â ¦tqusue deget, cui licet in diem Dixisse, vixi, cras vel atra Nube polum pater occupato, Vel sole puro. He of himselfe lives merily, Who each day, I have livd, can say, To morrow let God charge the skiee With darke clouds, or faire sun-shine-ray. LÃÆ'Â ¦tus in prÃÆ'Â ¦sens animus, quod ultra est, Oderit curare. For present time a mery mind Hates to respect what is behind. And those which take this word in a contrary sense are in the wrong. Ista sic reciprocantur ut et si divinatio sit dii sint, et si dii sint sit divinatio: quence is so reciprocall as if there be any divination, there are Gods: and if there be Gods, there is divination. Much more wisely Pacuvius. Nam istis linguam avium intelligunt, Plusque ex alieno jecoresapiunt, quam ex suo Magis audiendum, quam auscultandum c ensio. 1 Who understand what language birds expresse, By their owne than beasts-livers knowing lesse, They may be heard, not hearkned to, I guesse. This so famous art of divination of the Tuskanes grew thus. A husband-man digging very deepe intothe ground saw Tages, a demy-God appear out of it, with an infantine face, yet fraught with an age-like wisdom. All men ran to see him, and both his words and knowledgee were for many ages after remembred, and collecte d, containing the principles and meanes of this art. An ofspring sutable to her progresse. I would rather direct affaires by the chance of dice, than by such frivolous dreames. And truly in all common-wealths, men have ever ascribed much authoritie unto lot. Plato in the policie which he imagineth by discretion, ascribed the deciding of many important effects unto it, and amongst other things would have marriages betweene the good to bee contrived by lot. And giveth so large privileges unto thi s casuall election, that he appoints the children proceeding from them to bee brought up in the countrie; and those borne of the bad to be banished and sent abroad. Notwithstanding if any of those so exiled shall by fortune happen, whilest he is growing, to shew some good hope of himselfe, that he may be revoked and sent- for backe, and such amongst the first as shall in their youth give small hope of future good to be banished. I see some that studie, plod, and glosse their Almanackes, and in all accidents alleage their authoritie. A man were as good to say, they must needs speake truth and lies. Quis est enim qui totum diem . jaculans, non aliquando conlincet? For who is he that, shooting all day, sometimes hits not the white? I thinke not the better of them, though what they say proove sometimes true. It were more certaine, if there were either a rule or a truth to lie ever. Seeing no man rec ordeth their fables, because they are ordinarie a nd infinit; and their predictions are made to be of credit, because they are rare, incredible and prodigious; so answered Diagoras surnamed the Atheist being in Samothrace to him, who in shewing him divers vowes and offrings hanging in the Temple, brought thither by such as had escaped shipwracke, said thus unto him: You that thinke the Gods to have no care of humane things, what say you by so many men saved by their grace and helpe? Thus is it done, answered he: Those which were drowned farre exceeding their number, are not here set-forth. Cicero saith, That amongst all other Philosophers that have avowed and acknowledged the Gods, onely Xenophanes the Colophonian hath gone about to root out all maner of divination. It is so much the lesse to be wondred at, if at any time we have seene some of our Princes mindes, to their great damage, relie upon such like vanities. I would to God, I had with mine owne eyes seene those two wonders, mentioned in the booke of Ioachin the Abbat of Calabria, who foretold all the Popes that should ensue, together with their names and shapes: And that of Leo the Emperor, who fore-spake all the Emperors and Patriarkes of Greece. .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 , .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .postImageUrl , .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 , .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1:hover , .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1:visited , .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1:active { border:0!important; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1:active , .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1 .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0150a49c58c0e64da320b066a79083c1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Obstacles to National Unity EssayThis have I seene with mine owne eyes, that in publike confusions, men amazed at their owne fortune, give themselves head-long, as it were to all maner of superstition, to search in heaven the causes and ancient threats of their ill-lucke; and in my time are so strangely s uccessefull therein, as they have perswaded me, that it is an ammusing of sharpe and idle wits; that such as are inured to this subtletie, by folding and unfolding them, may in all other writings be capable to finde out what they seeke-after. But above all, their dark, ambiguous, fantasticall, and propheticall, gibrish, mends the matter much, to which their authors never give a plaine sense, that posterity may apply what mean ing and construction it shall please unto it. The DÃÆ'Â ¦mon of Socrates was peradventure a certaine impulsion or will, which without the advice of his discourse presented it selfe unto him. In a minde so well purified, and by continuall exercise of wisedome and vertue so wel prepared, as his was, it is likely, his inclinations though rash and inconsiderate were ever of great moment, and worthie to be followed. Every man feeleth in himselfe some image of such agitations, of a prompt, vehement and casuall opinion. It is in me to give them some authoritie, that affoord so little to our wisedome. And I have had some, equally weake in reason, and violent in perswasion and disswasion which was more ordinarie to Socrates by which I have so happily and so profitably suffred my selfe to be transported, as they might perhaps be thought to containe some matter of divine inspiration.

Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics Essay Example

Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics Paper Ethics and the Stanford Prison Experiment by Philipp Zimbardo In 1971 Philipp Zimbardo carried out one of the most ethically controversial psychological experiment the ‘Stanford Prison Experiment’. Originally he aimed to study how much our behavior is structured by the social role we occupy. Describing the study briefly 24 undergraduates with no criminal and psychological record were chosen for the research to play the roles of prisoners and guards in a mock prison situated in the basement of Stanford University Psychology Building, equipped by hidden cameras and microphones. As the lead researcher, Zimbardo was observing the events from a different room, giving instructions to the guards. The research was supposed to last about two weeks. However, aggressive and violent behavior quickly appeared on the behalf of the group playing the role of the guards, while prisoners became depressed and passive. Ultimately some of the prisoners were subject to torture. Since the participants assimilated with their role rapidly and provided surprising psychological outcome, Dr Zimbardo shot down the research after 5 days. The experiment meant to demonstrate the power of authority, support of the situational attribution of behavior rather than the dispositional attribution. For forty years it was criticized as well as argued when it came to the relation of ethics and psychology. If it would be carried out today it would fail to meet the Ethical Principals of the Psychologist and Code of Conduct of the American Psychological Association. This paper will discuss the main unethical elements of the Stanford Prison Experiment, such as the violation of privacy and confidentiality, physical and mental harm during an experiment and the researcher’s involvement of the warden role. ‘Some psychological studies produce very surprising results for the researchers and the participants. Sometimes the results are so striking that they challenge our explanations of human behavior and human motivation. ’- writes Craig Haney two years after the experiment. We will write a custom essay sample on Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even though the ‘Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison’ only gives a detailed overview of the experiment several unethical treatment can already be observed from the beginning. According to their contract the participants were offered a fifteen-dollar daily payment and were guaranteed basic living needs. In return they were given no instructions of what they shall expect. A few days later Zimbargo obtained the police help to demonstrate the whole arrest of the prisoner group. Participants were captured in their homes unexpectedly by a police car, being handcuffed and charged with crimes. Their pictures as well as their fingerprints were taken; afterwards they were brought to the ‘mock-prison’ blindfolded (p 6). The previously mentioned actions strongly violated their right to privacy. Throughout the experiment participants were put under physical and psychological harm, which strongly would violate the APA code of ethics. Prisoners were not referred by names, but only by numbers and unlike the guards they were not allowed to leave the experiment scene. They spent their days in a 6ft x 9ft prison cell. During the first days the prisoners began to behave according to as they were required rather than using their own judgment and morals. Already on the second day the prisoners suffered humiliation, and punishment. ‘The most striking result of was that apparently normal people could act with abuse and cruelty when placed in a compelling situation. After day one all prisoner’s basic rights became a privilege among them the toilet visits and they were often forced to clean the toilet with their bare hands. (Bredy, Longsdon. p705) The same writing points out how psychological harms had a great impact on the prisoners. On the third day some of the prisoners began to experience severe negative emotions, passive behavior, depression and acute anxiety. Two of them had to be released from the study early. Those prisoners who remained in the mock prison began assimilated with their role and accepted humiliation and abusive treatmen t, as if they deserved it (Bredy, Longson. p 706). Not only the prisoners but the guards as well lost their sense of identity. Later Zimbardo in his writing ‘Pathology of Imprisonment’ mentions that the experiment ‘was no longer apparent to most of the subject where reality ended and their role began’. The majority of the subjects became prisoners and guards and was no longer being able to differentiate between their roles and their personality. (Zimbardo. p. 249) All together psychologically the following were observed: the loss of personal identity on both sides; and the arbitrary control exerted by the guards made the prisoners lives increasingly unpredictable, causing depression and anxiety. The guards also developed a dependency on prisoners and were emasculated them to the extent that when the prisoners were debriefed they suggested that they had been assigned to be prisoners because they were smaller than the guards. In fact, there was no difference in average height between the prisoners and the guards, and the perceived difference was a response to the prisoners perceptions of themselves and their power (Haney et al. p 14). The physical harm was never proven on record however many critics do predict that mental effects of the experience should have generated automatic physical reactions. As an example that supports this idea happened on the fourth day when one guard detained prisoner 436 kept the him in a two-by-two feet closet for the night, without informing the observer researchers about the situation. Guards were instructing other prisoners to continually keep punching the door of the closet where prisoner 436 was put in. Eventually they tried to persuade the other prisoners that the only way the closet would open and their peer will be free if they give up their blankets and slept on their mattresses. Only one of the prisoners refused to do that. Bradey, Longsdon. p706) From this sense it shall be quickly concluded that prisoners were also under physical harassments, once guards did adopt the negative attitude towards them, their aggression increased. The other main concern is why the researchers did not end the experiment when they saw what was happening in this stimulated prison? After all these ethical and moral violation the experiment continued for six days . As Zimbardo admitted, he also became immersed with his role of his role of being the instructor, providing orders to the guards. He could no longer objectively fulfill his role of lead researcher, (Harney et al. p. 18) still he carried on with the process, knowing that the participants did not realize that they could leave the mock-prison whenever they wanted. When they were asked whether they wish to be released without receiving the amount on the contract, they said yes, but still returned to their cell when they were ordered following this discussion. By then they lost their real identity and voluntarily continued to be carry on the with the prisoner role. On the other hand, guards did no realize that they could leave their role either. Many of them expressed their interest to continue the experiment without payment; in fact many of them enjoyed their role of authority and were accepting more and more night shifts. Similar to the guards and to the prisoners Zimbardo also failed to recognize the ability to leave the experiment at the early stage. Simply he was not able to remain an observer in his own experiment as him became internalized. (Zimbardo, 256) The experiment was stopped when Christina Machlack a graduate student was invited to observe the event for a short period of time and was asked to express her opinion about it. She walked around a yard and talk to a guard. When she sat down behind the hidden cameras, saw the same guard she just recently had a conversation with, she was frightened. In her memoire she writes: â€Å"This man had been transformed. He was talking in a different accent, a Southern accent, which I hadn’t recalled at all. He moved differently and the way he talked was different, not just in the accent, but in the way he was interacting with the prisoners. It was like (seeing) Jekyll and Hyde†¦It really took my breath away. † (Stanford Prison Experiment, Still Powerful After All These Years) Zimbardo concluded that the situation caused the behavior of the participants rather than anything inherent in their individual personality. Four out of the twelve guards were diagnosed with genuine sadistic tendencies. Still, some guards showed sympathy and even tried to help the prisoners. Zimbardo did follow up with the participants following the experiment. All the 24 person were convinced that they have acted under the role and believed that they fulfilled the roles as they were accepted to. As for today there is no record what the experiment caused in their long-term mental health. ( Shaugnessy,p. 137) It is essential to mention that the US Office Naval Research, Marine Corps, and the US Navy provided the funds for the experiments in order to study the relationship between military guards and prisoners. Zimbardo did not consider his experiment unethical. As he stated ‘it had unethical elements’. According to him the experiment was ethically sound, since various ethic committees approved it. ‘It followed the guidelines of the Stanford human subjects ethics committee that approved it. There was no deception; all subjects were told in advance that if prisoners, many of their usual rights would be suspended and they would have only minimally adequate diet and health care during the study,’- he said. Which was planned to last two weeks. However, he did mention that: ‘it was unethical because people suffered and others were allowed to inflict pain and humiliation on their fellows over an extended period of time’ (Stanford Prison Experiment, Still Powerful After All These Years). Maltreatment of prisoners takes place all over the world. These unethical issues were vividly discussed in 2004 when the Guantanamo Bay prisoner torture pictures were released. Many scholars found the similarities between the Guantanamo and the Stanford Prison case event. The only difference was that in the 21st century, no one justified the behavior of the US guards in Guantamo. The ill treatment of the guards was clearly declared unethical worldwide. As the study of psychology grew over the years, more rules have been created regarding its research and its practice. The APA ethical guidelines were enacted in 1992, with strong ethical rules concerning physical and mental harm during an experiment in addition to respecting basic human rights. Hence, as of today no such an experiment could take place within the Ethical Code of the American Psychologist Association. Harley’s article describes the experiment as the events occurred day, by day. It started as a simple behavioral research in order to study prison behavior. The ethical issues began to be pointed out by Bradey and Longsdon who in their writing guides us through the physiological and physical harm occurred during the prison experiment, including the mental abuses of the prisoners and the guards obsession with sudden authority. Zimbardo in his writing of ‘Pathology of Imprisonment’ briefly mentions his own experience regarding the Stanford research, providing us to be able to look at the situation as subjective participant rather than an experimenter. As the paper shows, not only the prisoners or the guards, but he himself, an experienced psychologist failed to differentiate between his warden role and his personality. Shaugnessy’s work is the most recent one, written in the 21th century, when the medical and psychological moral and ethical code was already given universal guidelines and rules. It is logical that Shaugnessy is describing the failure of several ethical issues and criticizes the experiment as a whole. Last but not least, the Stanford News Service provided the interviews and small memoires of the discussed prison study. As the articles and their topics also shows moral and ethical values were different in the medical sphere decades before. As for today, analyzing the connection of ethics and the Stanford Prison Experiment the participants were treated unethical for the people right from the beginning. Participants were not given the opportunity nor given instructions to decide over the acceptance of all the risks involved in the experiment. They were clearly deprived from their basic rights and were subjected to mental and physical harm without realizing they can end the temporary situation. Work Cited Brady, F. Neil, Logsdon, Jeanne M.. (1988). Zimbardos Standard Prison Experiment And The Relevance O. Journal of Business Ethics, 7(9), 703. Retrieved December 12, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 572750). Zimbardo, P, 1982, ‘Pathology of Imprisonment’. In d Krebs (ed. ), Readings in Social Psychology: Contemporary Perspectives, Second Ed. (Harper Row, New York, NY) p. 249-251 Haney, C. , Banks, W. C. Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). A study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. Naval Research Review, 30, 4-17. Shaughnessy, J. J. , Zechmeister, E. B. , Zechmeister, J. S. (2006). ‘Research Methods’ in Psychology Seventh Edition. Boston: McGraw Hill. ‘Stanford Prison Experiment Still Powerful After All These Years’. Stanford University News Service. August 1. 1997. Stanford. California

We Are Not Here To Hate One Another †Creative Writing Essay

We Are Not Here To Hate One Another – Creative Writing Essay Free Online Research Papers We Are Not Here To Hate One Another Creative Writing Essay The lady was pouring with tears. She wiped her lashes and spoke with grief, â€Å"They are beasts. It is insult to humanity to call them human beings. Those who kill innocent people are animals†. The camera moved from the tearful lady and moved towards the scene where the blood and human flesh was scattered everywhere. Destruction and barbarism were omnipresent. The head and clothes of the volunteers were blood stained. The dead bodies were present on streets, foot paths and stairs. The people watching the scene were scared. The camera focused the reporter. The reporter wiped his eyes and lamented, â€Å"These were the deadliest explosions in the history of London after the World War II. As Americans can not forget 9/11, 7/7 has been imprinted on the hearts of every Londoner. These blood stains can not be washed even by the water of seven seas†, and the reporter started crying. Everyone was having wet eyes. The reported was right. The words of the British leady were true. The views from the camera covering blood, flesh and wounded were true. 7/7 was a day of barbarism, insult to humanity and terrorism. No doubt, the persons killing innocent people are animals, they are beast and disgrace to the mankind. No sensible person in the world, none having a human heart, none with a belief in humanity and mankind would justify the 9/11 or 7/7 acts. No conscientious and sensible person would favour such actions. The killing whether of a white or black, of a Christian or a Muslim, Iraqi or an American, it is simply killing. Terrorism in any part of the world is terrorism. It is disgrace for humanity and murder of civilization. There can never be a second opinion. However, with all this in view, we have to decide whether human beings only live in London. Are only those people innocent who live in New York, London or Tel Aviv? Is the dead body of only a white man, Tom, Dick or Henry, respectable? Are only Tim, Jim and Bush human being? And anything done against only these people is terrorism. Are only explosions in Central London barbarism? It is the point to ponder whether only American and British mothers may be called mothers, only white and red children be called children. Are only Eng lish speaking people human beings? Only the screams from the red lips are real, the pain affects only white skin, only western people suffer. It has to be decided whether Afghan blood is blood or not, the dead bodies in Najaf, Mosul and Baghdad are human bodies or not? The mothers living in Gaza and West Bank are mothers or not? The children in Sudan are not human children, the screams emanating from the Guantamo Bay are not human screams. Just think, where was the humanity, when American bombers bombed at a marriage ceremony in Afghanistan, when a whole village was destroyed and there were 300 dead bodies of innocent elder people, women and children and the Pentagon simply announced that it was a ‘Mistake†. Believe it! the highest number of handicaps are living in Afghanistan, which is also known as the largest graveyard of human beings, today not a single Afghani is there who has not seen blood stained human bodies or who has not put a body in grave or who has not seen a wounded relative passing his last breathes in his arms. Whether they are the Torabora hills or the blind walls of the Fort Jangi, each and every inch of Afghanistan is an eyewitness to the American barbarism, terrorism and inhuman acts. It is to be questioned where was the humanity when innocent Afghans were tightly filled in containers and the containers were kept in the desert; when the death was hovered over Baghdad; when millions of tons of explosives were thrown over Mosul and Najaf; when the Iraqi women were kidnapped and their naked bodies were found in the desert; when the dogs were unleashed on human beings in the Abu Gharib prison; when the human faces were masked with underwears; when the human beings were forced to drink human blood; when the innocent faces were rubbed with shit; when the woundeds were thrown among deads; and when innocent people were bound with electric wires and forced to stand. Where were the human activists, human rights commissions and th e civilization philanthropists when every house in Palestine was digging graves for its dwellers; when infants were being blown with guns; when the villages as a whole were being bulldozed and when kids were being handed over to their mothers with explosives attached to their bodies. Where were all the cameras and the reporters; where were all these tears and screams; why these people did not think at that moment that the death is terrible for every human being. Why people forget that the pain and blood have no religion, no cast and no theology. These are simply human bodies and human screams. It is difficult to understand why these people do not try to understand the emotions behind the actions. These people still designate the Palestinians, Iraqi and Afghans’ deaths as insignificant deaths; muslim bodies as low value bodies while American and British deads are significant and of higher value. Why these people differentiate between an Afghani mother and a British mother . Why don’t they treat an aggressor as aggressor and a grieved as a grieved person. The world can never be the same again unless we start respecting human beings; respect others and be respected. There is no second class citizen on this planet. Every human being is a first class citizen of this world. If America has a right for pre-emptive strike, so do the others. We have to learn from the fate of the League of Nations. Now UN is being forced to follow the same path. We all have to work hard to make this earth a part of the Heaven. Why only those people have to fight who believe in the Divine religions. God never created human beings to hate each other. Research Papers on We Are Not Here To Hate One Another - Creative Writing EssayCapital PunishmentBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XGenetic EngineeringWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHonest Iagos Truth through Deception

Live Face Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Live Face - Assignment Example Discovery process entails gathering information about perspectives and experiences about the brand by the internal and external customers of the organization. Additionally, a company can improve its brand dynamics by looking at its historical information on branding as part of the discovery stage. The outcome of the discovery process is referred to as a core brand analysis which enables the entity to know what the brand symbolizes and the intended audience (Gregory, 2004). The Blue Team Focus Company should as a next step develops a strategy to communicate what the brand intends to achieve, express brand personality and stakeholder expectations about the company. For Blue Team Focus, a brand strategy should emphasize the expected customer experience through interaction with the company from using the Live Face product. After developing the brand strategy, Blue Team Focus should engage in corporate brand communication which involves marketing, promotion, and advertising and creating awareness about the brand through public relations. Given that Blue Team Company has an already established customer base through Sony and Verizon FIOS; it has a less job to do in terms of brand communication. Finally, Blue Team should invest in brand management that involves keeping the brand alive and ensuring its growth using the appropriate company resources (Gregory, 2004). According to Westwood (2002), contingency planning is done through a SWOT analysis when all information and opinions are collected from marketing research. Blue Team Focus Company should evaluate its strengths in relation to its weaknesses considering available opportunities and potential threats in the marketplace. The company shall leverage its strengths from advantages related to proprietary technology mainly from Sony and Verizon FIOS.